Abstract: In order to determine optimum regime of agents for better separation of petrographic components,flotation test is conducted with coal from Shenmu Wangjiagou Mine as the object of study. The test is made through adjustment of the surface potential of each component with HCl,NaOH and AlCl₃ solution respectively and using different kinds of collectors. Test result indicates that: when vitrinite and inertinite have opposite surface potentials,a best result of separation of these 2 maceral can be attained by using CTAB（ cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide） as the collector at dosage of 20 mg/L and 60 mg/L respectively; and when the surface potential of a certain maceral is adjusted to zero electrical point,the enrichment rates of vitrinite and inertinite can go up to 77.71% and 73.56% respectively with the use of DTAB（ dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide） as collector at a dosage of 100 mg/L,making it possible for the 2 macerals to be effectively separated.