Abstract: The X-ray-based intelligent dry cleaning technology developed amid the new round of technology innovation drive brings about an innovation in coal preparation theory. With the special features of being simple in system, high in separation precision, compact in size, and low in initial capital and operating costs, as well as the attractions of using no water or medium, the intelligent dry cleaning system has rapidly found widespread applications in domestic coal preparation plants and underground coal mines. The paper presents a detailed introduction to the intelligent dry cleaning technology including its course of development, working principle and performance, as well as the roll it plays for the coal preparation technology transformation, and the prospect of its future development.