Abstract: It is difficult for the traditional pulp conditioning equipment to achieve the high-dispersion and high-efficiency collision contact—ahydromechanics environment required for fine coal flotation process.Hence, strengthening pulp conditioning effect is essential to improvement of flotation performance.The paper presents a comprehensive elaboration on the high-shear pulp conditioning technology and the mechanism of such conditioning equipment that works with highly effective cleaning of surface of coal particles, dispersion of agents and agent-particle collision as its main features.The intensive conditioning mechanism is further illustrated and verified through laboratory-scale particle surface cleaning and flotation experiments.The performances of the BGT series surface-modifying pulp conditioner in industrial application at coal preparation plants treating different flotation feeds are cited to further highlight the importance of pulp conditioning for improvement of flotation process.It is pointed out that moderate high-shear pulp conditioning proves to be an important approach for improvement of flotation process.