Abstract: This paper systematically carries out parameter optimization and structural innovation design for a 1.3 m horizontal scraper discharge centrifuge to achieve domestic substitution. The overall structure of the equipment and the mechanism of centrifugal dehydration are elucidated. With the objectives of “high processing capacity, low product moisture, and high reliability,” the study focuses on key parameters such as separation factor, screen basket structure, and differential speed. Through theoretical modeling and quantitative calculation, core operating parameters are determined, including a screen basket diameter of 1 300 mm, a separation factor of 302, and a motor power of 110 kW. The matching relationship between material residence time and screen basket opening rate is optimized to ensure a balance between dehydration efficiency and processing capacity. Innovative designs are implemented, including a split-type frame, an inverted-cone screen basket and scraper arrangement, and targeted wear-resistant protection structures. These innovations solve technical hurdles such as difficult maintenance of large-scale equipment, short service life of wear parts, and irrational bearing stress distribution. Performance tests indicate that the unit processing capacity reaches 78 t/h, with product moisture controlled between 12% and 16%. Vibration, noise, and temperature rise all meet design standards, with comprehensive performance reaching the level of similar international products. The successful development of this equipment breaks the reliance on imports, provides technical support for the selection of coarse slime dehydration equipment in large-scale coal preparation plants, and is of great significance in promoting the large-scale and localized development of coal preparation equipment.